METODOLOGI USHUL FIKIH DALAM KEUANGAN SYARIAH KONTEMPORER: Analisis Produk Fintech Syariah dan Pendekatan Hybrid antara Fikih Klasik dan Ekonomi Modern

Abstract

The proliferation of Islamic financial technology (fintech) requires a methodological reinterpretation of ushul fiqh capable of responding to modern economic instruments. This study critically analyses how classical ushul fiqh instruments qiyas, istihsan, maslahah mursalah, and al-'uqud al-murakkabah are applied in the legal determination of Islamic fintech products, while mapping the epistemic tensions between fiqh authenticity and economic pragmatism. Using a juridical-normative approach and comparative analysis of DSN-MUI fatwas, AAOIFI standards, and classical-contemporary usul al-fiqh literature, this study finds that: (1) the hybrid approach between classical fiqh methodology and modern economic frameworks generates significant added value but remains susceptible to maqasid distortion; (2) Islamic fintech products such as mudharabah-based P2P lending and wadiah-based electronic money face structural challenges in fulfilling contract pillars substantively; (3) a new ijtihad jama'i framework that integrates fuqaha and economists on equal footing is urgently needed. This study contributes to the development of contemporary ijtihad theory and shari'ah governance in the digital financial industry.